O Comportamento de uma Rede de Distribuição de Baixa Tensão Frente à Penetração da Geração Fotovoltaica e Armazenadores de Energia

Abstract

Brazil has great potential for generating energy through renewable resources, es- pecially from sunlight. By providing a substantial profit, both for their sellers and users, photovoltaic generators are increasingly present in low voltage distribution networks. However, its excessive incorporation into the electrical system may cause problems related to the electrical power quality, such as voltage deviation, phase unbalance and increased technical losses. Consid- ering the continuous expansion of small photovoltaic generators presence on the grid, this paper aims to avoid possible disturbances, without compromising the integration of this technology into the electrical system, making it possible to take advantage of distributed generation’s full potential. Therefore, the use of energy storage systems is proposed. For comparison purposes, simulations were carried out considering storage devices connected in a distributed way, together with the PV systems or just a concentrated unit in the first bus of the studied network. Both configurations presented improvements in voltage levels, reduced losses and increased the grid’s ability to consume the generated energy locally, reducing the power exported to the medium voltage primary grid. However, it is observed that, due to its characteristic operation, the concentrated storage may worsen the unbalance percentage level.